Indian Railways plans to introduce two PPP models—the Development Partner Model and Hybrid Annuity Model—to attract private capital into its INR 2.62 trillion asset pipeline under NMP 2.0. The models aim to make large projects more investment-friendly, including railway lines, station redevelopment and freight infrastructure. While Railways will retain control of strategic assets, private developers could support development and operations, helping accelerate infrastructure growth and reduce reliance on public funding.